ASKING IF SOMEONE REMEMBERS OR NOT

Formal expressions:

- I wonder if you remember.....

- You remember...., don’t you?

- You haven’t forgotten...., have you?

- Don’t you remember.....?

- Do you happen to remember it now?Ways to respond:

- Let me think, yes, I remember.

- I remember especially the scenery.

- I’ll never forget that

- I’ll always remember.

- I can remember it clearly.Informal expressions:

- Remember the old house we used to live in?

- Remember that?

- I’m sorry I don’t rememberWays to respond:

- Hold on. Yes, got it!

- I know.....

- It’s coming back to me now.Respond if you forget:

- Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.

- I’m affraid I forget.

- I really can’t remember.

- I’m afraid I have no memory of him

- Errr, let me think. No, it’s gone

- Sorry, it slipped off my mind.

OFFERING

The expression of “ Would you like....”is normally used for offering something to someone.

Zean : Would you like a milk, Yenz?

Yenz : Yes, please. Thank you. Hmmm...this milk tastes good

Zean : Thank you. I’m glad you like it.

Ways to say it

* Would you like a cup of tea, Fivi?

* Should I get you a bottle of water?

* Could I offer you a glass of milk, Mr. john?

* Would you care some salad?

Ofering to friends:

* Want some?

* Have some?

* Chocolate?

* Grab some for yourself

Less formal expressions:

* Would you like to have a pancake?

* Why don't you have some lemonade?

* What can I get for you?

* What will you have?Declining an offering

* No, thanks

.* No, really won't, thanks

* Not for me, thanks.

Accepting an offering:

* Thank you.

* Yes, please

* I'd like it very much

* That would be very nice

Asking For Information

Asking Information There are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English. Here are some of the most common:
· Could you tell me...?
· Do you know...?
· Do you happen to know...?
· I'd like to know...
· Could you find out...?
· I'm interested in...
· I'm looking for..
These two forms are used for asking for information on the telephone:
· I'm calling to find out...
· I'm calling about...
Here are some sample phrases and sentences for asking information in English

1. What is this? This is a tableThis is a table
2. What is that? That is a chair.
3. What's this? It's a pen.
4. What's that? It's an apple.
5. What are these? These are pencils.
6. What are those? Those are books.
7. Where is Mr. King? He is over there.
8. Where is Ms. Knight? She's (right) here.
9. Where's Johnny? He's in the house.
10. When's the movie? It's at 9:00.
11. When's lunch? Lunch is at noon.
12. How is the food? It's delicious.

Information about company
What does your company do?
What is your specialty?
What do you specialize in?
What is your main line of business?

Information about products
Could you give me some (more) information on this?
What can you tell me about this (product)?
Tell me about this one/model.

Information about Price
What are you asking for this?
What does this sell for?
How much is it?
How much does it run?

Invitation

Invitation is a way to invite someone or more to go to a place or to do something.

There are two types of invitation.
They are Formal Invitation and Informal Invitation.

Formal invitation is usually originate from Institutes, Companies and a kind of it. Normally formal invitation is written invitation.

Informal invitation is personal invitation given to a friend, family, etc. Informal invitation can be written invitation and verbal invitation.

How to Write An Invitation??

Step 1Before you write an invitation, decide on the tone, voice and level of formality, based on the event itself. This will dictate whether you hand-write the cards or have them printed, and whether you choose A preprinted or personalized invitation.

Step 2
Choose the type of invite you want, and order or buy a few more than you think you'll need. This will permit you to add some guests to your list at the last minute, if necessary. For small parties, you may want to hand-write the invitations on stationery or blank cards. For large gatherings, consider ordering printed invitations.

Step 3
Determine the wording of your invite based on the level of formality. For example, a formal invitation might say, 'Dr. and Mrs. Stanley request the pleasure of your company,' whereas a more casual note might say, 'Please join us.'
Step 4
Include the names of the host and/or hostess, as well as the place (with street address), time, date and purpose of the occasion, even if it's a simple get-together.

Step 5
Make sure to add RSVP information at the bottom of the invite if you need to know who will be attending; for example, 'RSVP' followed by your telephone number.

R.S.V.P. which means "please reply.“The person sending the invitation would like you to tell him or her whether you accept or decline the invitation. That is, will you be coming to the event or not?

Step 6
Include a respond-by date on a formal invitation so you can get an accurate head count in time to adjust the amount of food, number of place settings and room size. For a wedding, charity function or other formal event, consider including a response card and a stamped, self-addressed envelope inside the envelope containing your invite.

Step 7
Mail invitations three weeks before most events, four weeks before a formal affair and three months before a wedding, to allow for airline reservations. For events held during the December holidays, send invitations around Thanksgiving.

EXAMPLE
Extending (mengundang)
Let’s go to the Keroncong Festival!
Please try to come!
I hope you’ll join us!
If you are not busy, pleset come to my party!
Shall we see the film?
I would like to invite you come to my house!
Accepting (menerima)
Great! Let’s do it!
Thank you. I’d like to!
That’s a good idea!
That would be very nice!
Thank you for invitation!

Declining (menolak)/refusing:

I’m really sorry about that.
Sorry. I can’t. I have to do something.
I’d love to. But I can’t.
Sorry. I really busy.
(If you declining an invitation, please give a reason^^)

Narrative Text

Narrative text is a text which contains about story (fiction/non fiction/tales/folktales/ fables/myths/epic) and in its plot consists of climax of the story (complication) then followed by the resolution.

A narrative is a text to amuse, entertain and deal with actual or vicarious experience in different ways. Narratives deal with problematic events which lead to acrisis or turning point of some kind which in trun find a resolution.
The generic structure of narrative text:
1. Orientation : It set the scene and introduces the participants (it answer the question, Who,What,When and Where).
2. Complication : A crisis of a problems aries. It usually involves the main characters.
3. Resolution : A Solutions the problem (for Better or worse). Main charaters find a way to solven the problem.
Other generic structure of the text:
J Evaluation : (optional) a step back to evaluate the plight (the narrator’s viewpoint).
J Coda : (optional) Change of the characteristic or lesson/value of the story.
J Re-orientation : (optional)
Language fetures:
- Nouns (kata ganti orang dalam cerita; stepsister,housework,etc)
- Adjectives (membentuk noun phrase; long Black hair,etc)
- Times connectives dan conjuctions (mengurutkan kejadian; and, than,before,that, etc)
- Action verbs (past tense; stayed)
- Saying verbs (menandai ucapan; said,told and thinking verbs yang menandai pikiran/perasaan tokoh; felt,thought,etc)
- Simple Past Tense

Kinds of narrative text:
-A myth -A legenda -Fable - A folklore

Example

Napombalu

ONCE upon a time there were a handsome hunter, his name was Lawongo. In the jungle he only hunted wild hogs. The animals often always destroyed the villagers' fields. The villagers were very grateful. With Lawongo's help, their field were safe from the wild hogs.
Lawongo was also very great in playing a flute, it was so melodious. Everybody always enjoyed listening his playing the flute. One of the people was a beautiful girl. She always listened attentively. Lawongo knew there was a beautiful girl who always paid attention to him. Lawongo fell in love with her. The girl also loved him, later they got married.
They were very happy. They loved each other and promised to be always together. They would be together until they died.
In one night, Lawongo had a strange dream. In his dream he was hunting a very big wild hog. The hog attacked him. He did very hard to kill the hog. He used his knife to stab the hog and it finally died.On the next morning, Lawongo went hunting. It was still early in the morning and he did not want to wake his wife up.
In the jungle ha did not see any animals. He could not find any wild hog either. He felt very strange. He walk and he felt very thirsty. He picked a coconut. And when he wanted to open it using his knife, he saw his knife was full of dried blood. He was confused. Suddenly he remembered his wife. Somehow he had a bad feeling about his wife. He immediately went home.
When he arrived home, many people were in front of his house. One of the people said,"We're sorry for your wife, Lawongo. Please accept our condolences."
"What happened?" asked him. He rushed into his house. He saw his wife was dead. Her body was full of blood. Lawongo was very sad. He felt very guilty. He knew last night he stabbed hi wife. He then told the villagers to do something.
"I cannot live without my wife. Please prepare two coffins, one for me and the other one is for my wife.""No, please don't do it. You are still young and we still need you here. Besides that we still want to hear you play the flute." said one of the villagers.
"Don't worry, I still play the flute for you. Male a hole on the coffin's cover. If you cannot longer hear my playing, it means I'm dead. You go to the beach. A strange thing will appear from the sea. Do not point at that thing and do not say anything. It is my reincarnation." said Lawongo.
Later, the villagers buried the two coffins. At the first night, they could still hear his playing. However the sound was getting weaker and weaker. And finally the villagers did not hear anything.
They did Lawongo's request. They went to the beach. They all set down on the beach. Suddenly, a strange thing appeared from the sea. It was very big. They all were surprised. However they did not say anything. The thing finally stooped growing.

The villagers used their sampan and came to the thing. It was a coral island. They named the island as Napombalu, which is from the words Napo and Nawalu. Napo means a coral island and Nawalu means a strange thing which turn into an island.

Descriptive Text

The aim of descriptive text: to describe the characteristics of particular person, thing, or place.

Text Structure:
▪ Identification = identifies thing, person, place, phenomenon to be described.
▪ Description = gives the information of particular thing, person, or place being discussed or describes parts, qualities, or characteristics.
Grammatical Features:
▪ Who? What?
▪ Using Linking verb and Simple Present Tense
▪ Epithet: adjective or adjective phrase
▪ Attributive (the)
▪ Use of attributive and identifying process
▪ Focus on specific participants
▪ Frequent use of epithets and classifier in nominal groups


Example of Descriptive text

Bandengan Beach

Bandengan Beach or Tirta Samudra Beach is the famous beach in jepara. the place is very beautiful and romantic. people around Jepara, Kudus, Demak knows this place.

This place is located 7 kilometers north of Jepara city center. The way to get there is very easy. Just follow the traffic sign and you will find it. From the town square, follow the road to Bangsri then turn left when reached kuwasen village. You can take public transportation or by your own vehicle.

The white sandy beach which has pure water is good for swimming. The beach is save enough for swimming because the beach is shallow and the wave is not so big. This place is more beautiful at dusk. We can see the beautiful sunset with our family or friends.

In this location, we can sit and relax on the shelter while enjoy the natural beach breezy wind. It also has large pandan tree field. It is suitable for youngster activities such as camping.

If we want to sail, we can rent the traditional boat owned by local people. We can make voyage around the beach or we can go to pulau panjang (panjang island). Some time we can find banana boat and jet ski for rent.

In this place we can find many traditional footstalls. We can order traditional foods sold by the trader such as roasted fish, crab, boiled shell. Pindang srani is one of the delicious food enjoyed by the visitors. come to the bandengan beach and you will find a paradise on the tips of Muria peninsula.

Noun phrase

A noun phrase is either a single noun or pronoun or any group of words containing a noun or a pronoun that function together as a noun or pronoun, as the subject or object of a verb.
For example, ‘they’, ‘books’, and ‘the books’ are noun phrases, but ‘book’ is just a noun, as you can see in these sentences (in which the noun phrases are all in bold)
Example 1:
Yuri : Do you like books?
Lee : Yes, I like them.
Yuri : Do you like books over there?
Lee : Yes, they are nice.
Yuri : Do you like the book I brought yesterday?
Lee : Yes, I like it. (Note: ‘It’ refers to ‘the book’, not ‘book’)
Example 2:
Nicko was late.
(‘Nicko’ is the noun phrase functioning as the subject of the verb.)
Some noun phrases are short: The students
Some are long: The very tall education consultant
Structures of noun phrases:
▪ A beautiful old painting on the wall
The structure of this noun phrase contains three sections:

A noun phrase is either a single noun or pronoun or any group of words containing a noun or a pronoun that function together as a noun or pronoun, as the subject or object of a verb.
For example, ‘they’, ‘books’, and ‘the books’ are noun phrases, but ‘book’ is just a noun, as you can see in these sentences (in which the noun phrases are all in bold)
Example 1:
Yuri : Do you like books?
Lee : Yes, I like them.
Yuri : Do you like books over there?
Lee : Yes, they are nice.
Yuri : Do you like the book I brought yesterday?
Lee : Yes, I like it. (Note: ‘It’ refers to ‘the book’, not ‘book’)
Example 2:
Nicko was late.
(‘Nicko’ is the noun phrase functioning as the subject of the verb.)

Some noun phrases are short: The students
Some are long: The very tall education consultant
Structures of noun phrases:
▪ A beautiful old painting on the wall

The structure of this noun phrase contains three sections:

Pre-modifier Head noun Post-modifier

A beautiful old painting on the wall
A beautiful old painting -
- painting on the wall

Noun phrase can be in form of gerund (Vbase+ing) or gerund and other nouns compounding.
Example: passing the exam watching TV
preparing the equipment sliding down a rope
going to school diving board

Finite Verb

A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs. Finite verbs can form independent clauses, which can stand by their own as complete sentences.

Every grammatically correct sentence or clause must contain a finite verb; sentence fragments not containing finite verbs are described as phrases.

Some interjections can play the same role. Even in English, a sentence like Thanks for your help! has an interjection where it could have a subject and a finite verb form (compare I appreciate your help!).

In English, as in most related languages, only verbs in certain moods are finite. These include:
-the indicative mood (expressing a state of affairs); e.g., "The bulldozer demolished the -restaurant," "The leaves were yellow and stiff."
-the imperative mood (giving a command).
-the subjunctive mood (expressing something that might or might not be the state of affairs, depending on some other part of the sentence); nearly extinct in English.

A verb is a word that expresses an occurrence, act, or mode of being. Finite verbs, sometimes called main verbs, are limited by time (see tense), person, and number.

The finite verbs are highlighted in the following sentences:
The bear caught a salmon in the stream.
Who ate the pie?
Stop!

A nonfinite verb form - such as a participle, infinitive, or gerund - is not limited by by time (see tense), person, and number.

Verb forms that are not finite include:
-the infinitive
-participles (e.g., "The broken window...", "The wheezing gentleman...")
-gerunds and gerundives

In linguistics, a non-finite verb (or a verbal) is a verb form that is not limited by a subject; and more generally, it is not fully inflected by categories that are marked inflectionally in language, such as tense, aspect, mood, number, gender, and person. As a result, a non-finite verb cannot generally serve as the main verb in an independent clause; rather, it heads a non-finite clause.

By some accounts, a non-finite verb acts simultaneously as a verb and as another part of speech; it can take adverbs and certain kinds of verb arguments, producing a verbal phrase (i.e., non-finite clause), and this phrase then plays a different role — usually noun, adjective, or adverb — in a greater clause. This is the reason for the term verbal; non-finite verbs have traditionally been classified as verbal nouns, verbal adjectives, or verbal adverbs.

English has three kinds of verbals: participles, which function as adjectives; gerunds, which function as nouns; and infinitives, which have noun-like, adjective-like, and adverb-like functions. Each of these is also used in various common constructs; for example, the past participle is used in forming the perfect aspect (to have done).

Other kinds of verbals, such as supines and gerundives, exist in other languages.
Example:
The finite verbs are the underlined words.

The Crow and the Fox

One day a crow finds a tasty piece of cheese. She picks it up, flaps her wings, and flies to a high branch of a tree to eat it.

Verbs - Finite / Non Finite
Finite Verbs
A finite verb (sometimes called main verbs) is a verb that has a subject, this means that it can be the main verb in a sentence. It shows tense (past / present etc) or number (singular / plural).
For example:-
I live in Germay. (I is the subject - live describes what the subject does - live is a finite verb).
Non-Finite Verbs
A non-finite verb has no subject, tense or number. The only non-finite verb forms are the infinitive (indicated by to), the gerund or the participle.
For example:-
I lived in Germany to improve my German. (To improve is in the infinitive form - improve is non-finite).

MODALS IN PAST FORM

Modals

present Past
1. Can 1. Could
2. Will 2. Would

3. Shall 3. Should

4. May 4. Might
1. Could + Verb base
· to offer suggestions or possibilities
example : Olrando :I’m having trouble with English
Bloom :why don’t you ask Ricky?perhaps he could help you.

· to indicate that the ability existed in the past but doesn’t exist now.
Example : Jhon : Lenon, can you climb the durian tree?
Lenon : Well… I could climb durian tree when I was so young. But I think I’m too heavy to climb it.
to express polite requests (menyampaikan permintaan sopan)
Example: Could I borrow your ruler (please)?
Could you pass the salt?
2. Would + Verb base
ô for an action that was repeated regularly in the past
Example: When I was a child, I would visit my grandparents every weekend.
On Sundays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing.
ô insert rather into the pattern and use this expression to express preferences.
Example: Kevin : Which country would you rather visit?
Dae young : I would rather visit Paris than Italia
ô To express polite requests
Kiera : Would you mind cycling with me, Mano?
Mano : No, not at all. It would be nice.
3.Should + Verb base
ô To give definite advice (advisability)
(untuk memberikan nasihat)
Jhon : Deep, you should study tonight. You will have English test tomorrow, won’t you?
Deep : I will, Jhon.

to express the subject’s obligation or duty:
Example: You should practice for more than an hour. (to musical friend)
They shouldn’t allow parking here; the street is too narrow.
Application should be sent before March 20th.

4. Might + Verb base
ô to tell possibilities
Example: Jack : Where is Dayanna ?
Sparrow : She might be in the studio with Beyonce

ô To express polite requests
Example: Nick : Might I borrow your coat?
Dick : I’m afraid not. It has been brought by Jack for weeks and I don’t know when he’ll return it.

Vocabulary around the house

· Build Up
· Other Rooms

Attic =People store things in the attic.

Ballroom =A room in stately homes where rich people dance and concerts are held.

Box Room =A small room used for storage.

Cellar =Underneath the house.

Cloakroom =A small room where people put their coats.

Conservatory = A greenhouse attached to a house for the display of plants.

Dining Room =A room where people eat.

Drawing Room =A room in stately homes where rich people entertain.

Games Room = A room in large houses where games are played.
Hall = The entrance passage to a house.

Larder =A small room used for the storage of food.

Library =A room where books are kept.

Lounge =Another name for living room.

Music Room =A room where people play music.

Office =A room where people work.

Pantry =A small room used to store kitchen and dining items.

Parlour =Old fashioned word for living room.

Sitting Room =Another name for living room.

Spare Room/Guest Room =A room where guests sleep.

Toilet = A room where people go to the toilet (often known as WC)

Utility Room =A room where appliances such as washing machines are used.

Prepositions of Time: at, in, on

Prepositions of Time: at, in, on

We use:
-at for a PRECISE TIME
-in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
-on for DAYS and DATES

AT

PRECISE TIME
at 3 o'clock
at 10.30am
at noon
at dinnertime
at bedtime
at sunrise
at sunset
at the moment

in
MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
in May
in summer
in the summer
in 1990
in the 1990s
in the next century
in the Ice Age
in the past/future

on
DAYS and DATES
on Sunday
on Tuesdays
on 6 March
on 25 Dec. 2010
on Christmas Day
on Independence Day
on my birthday
on New Year's Eve

Look at these examples:
-I have a meeting at 9am.
-The shop closes at midnight.
-Jane went home at lunchtime.
-In England, it often snows in December.
-Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future?
-There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
-Do you work on Mondays?
-Her birthday is on 20 November.
-Where will you be on New Year's Day?

Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions:

Expression Example

at night The stars shine at night.

at the weekend I don't usually work at the weekend.

at Christmas/Easter I stay with my family at Christmas.

at the same time We finished the test at the same time.

at present He's not home at present. Try later.

Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions:

in
in the morning
in the mornings
in the afternoon(s)
in the evening(s)

on
on Tuesday morning
on Saturday mornings
on Sunday afternoons
on Monday evening

When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on.
-I went to London last June. (not in last June)
-He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday)
-I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter)
-We'll call you this evening. (not in this evening)

Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct and Indirect Speech
Direct speech
ü Refers to reproducing another person’s exact words or saying exactly what someone has said.
Indirect Speech
ü Refers to reproducing the idea of another person’s words that doesn’t use quation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.
In time expression and pronouns
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
§ Now - Then
§ Today - That day/ that night
§ Yesterday - The day before/ the previous day
§ Tomorrow - The next day/ following day
§ Last week - The previous week
§ Next week - The following week
Example:
D : She says, “I’m very good in Engish”.
I : She says, that he she very good in English”.
D= Direct speech I= Inderect speech

Statement
D : Mrs. Eliot said “ I worked hard for make a song yesterday.”
I : Mrs. Eliot said that she worked hard for make a song the day before.

Questions
D : Jack aksed “ Are you Miss World 2010?”
I : Jack aksed if/ wherher I was Miss World 2010.

Request/ command
D : Daey said to Justin Bieber “ Don’t wory about it”
I : Daey told Justin Bieber not to wory about it.

Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Simple Present - Past Tense

Simple Past - Past Perfect
Simple Future - Past Future
Present Continuos - Past Continuos

Past Continuos - Perfect Continuos

Intorductory it

INRODUCTORY IT
A : To understand this lesson is easy
B : It is easy to understand this lesson.
In this pattern, it has no meaning. It is used only to fill the cubject position in the sentence. thus, it is called introductory “it”.

Introductory “it” as a subject:
A : To watch musical programs is pleasent.
B : It is pleasent to Watch musical program

Introductory it with seem, appear and look

Introductory it is also used with seem, appear and look when the subject is an infinitive phrase with a gerund ini t or a clause.

- It looked doubtfl whether she would come.
- It seemed strange that she should behave like that.
It is sometimes used as the object of the verbs think, feel, deem, count, cons, etc...
- I considered it a privilege to have this opportunity of welcoming you.
Introductory it in question
- When was is that the maneger came?
- It was at 10 am that the maneger came.

News Item

News item is factual text which infroms the readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.

Function of news item :
Social function of news items is to infrom readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.

Generic structure:
- Newsworthy event(s) : recounts the events in summary form.
- Background event(s) : elaborate what happend , to WHOM, in WHAT circumstance.
- Sources : Comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event.

Significant Granma features:
~ Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline.
~ Generally using Simple Past Tense
~ Use of material priocesses to rettel the event
~ Using Action verbs, ex: run, go, kil, etc
~ Using saying verbs, ex: say, tell
~ Focus on circumstances
~ Use of projecting verbal processes in sources stage.

There an some rules that can help to make newspaper headlines more comprehensible:
1. The passive voice is used without the appropriate from of “be’
2. It is unusual to find complex forms, generally the simple present form is used
3. The present progressive tnese is used, usually to describe something that is changing or
developing,but the auxiliary verb is usually left out.
4. To refer to the future, headlines often use the infinitive
5. Headlines are not always complete sentence

A headline is the text at the top of a newspaper article, indicating the nature of the article
below it.
Read some newspaper headlines below:
1. Michael Jackson’s last album “This is it” will be on the market in November.
2. Rupiah becomes stronger at the end of this week.

Example:

RI wants Thai firms to work with local fishery companies

Lilian Budianto , The Jakarta Post , Jakarta Tue, 02/16/2010 11:11 AM World
Is it right?: Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa (right) talks to Thai Foreign Minister Kasit Piromya during a press conference at the Foreign Ministry, on Monday, in Jakarta. Marty held a bilateral meeting with his visiting counterpart Kasit to discuss a range of issues, including illegal fishing and the situation in southern Thailand. JP/J. Adiguna
Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa said here Monday Indonesia wanted Thai fishing firms to form joint venture with local companies if they wanted to continue operating in Indonesian waters.After receiving Thai Foreign Minister Kasit Piromya at his office in Jakarta, Marty told a press conference that the joint operation was a key step toward eradicating illegal fishing. “We are working very closely to finalize an MoU by the middle of this year — one that moves beyond the old formula of the issuance of license [for Thai vessels to operate in Indonesian waters], and toward more joint ventures and partnerships for the mutual benefit of both countries,” Marty said. The memorandum of understanding (MoU) between Jakarta and Bangkok has been the subject of deliberations since early last year. Many Thai fishing firms operate with legal documents in the archipelago, but allegedly have not built processing plants as required by Indonesian regulations. The regulations, which were introduced in 2008, were aimed at creating added value and jobs in Indonesia. The Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Ministry said Indonesian waters were the world’s biggest victim of illegal fishing, with up to 1.6 million tons of its fish being poached every year by fishing vessels from a number of other countries including Thailand. The ministry said there were at least 1,000 foreign vessels involved in illegal fishing in Indonesia’s exclusive economic zones every year, since Indonesian patrols could only cover 12 percent of the area.In the press conference, Minister Kasit expressed his agreement on the need for Thai fishery companies to work with their Indonesian counterparts if they wanted to continue operating in Indonesian waters.“As a country with the largest fishing fleet in the world and one of the largest fishery processing industries, Thailand is dependent on Indonesia’s fish [resources],” Kasit said.“But if we are to come here to fish, we want the benefits to be shared with the Indonesian side. So, there would be mutual benefits and no notion of unilateral exploitation by the Thai side...”Indonesian Ambassador to Thailand Muhammad Hatta said illegal Thai fishing in Indonesian waters cost the country Rp 30 trillion (US$2.8 billion) in every year, representing more than half of the total state losses inflicted by illegal fishing activities.“Indonesia and Thailand have set up a joint task force, which works to share information as well as take control of fishing activities in sea border areas.”Minister Kasit spent 2 days in Jakarta for a visit he said was intended to “take stock of bilateral relations” after 60 years of diplomatic ties. Both ministers will convene at the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting in Vietnam in April.Berly Martawardaya, a lecturer with the University of Indonesia’s school of economics, said both countries had to utilize ASEAN forums to sort out pending issues before the formation of the ASEAN community by 2015.“It is recognized that Indonesia is facing difficulties in maintaining control of its vast water areas with its limited budget.”

2. SINGAPORE: A supervisor was jailed for two months for repeatedly striking his Indonesian maid on the head and back with a television remote.Muhammad Shafiq Woon Abdullah was brought to court in Singapore because he had physically hurt the woman on several occasions between June and October 2002, the Straits Time said.The magistrate’s court heard that Shafiq, 31, began striking Winarti, 22, about a month after she started working for him.He hit her on the head with the TV sets remote control because he was unhappy with her work. On the occasion, he punched her on the back after accusing her of daydreaming.S.S. Dhillon, Shafiq’s lawyer, said that his client had become mad when he saw his daughter’s face covered as she was lying in bed. He said his client thought the maid had put the child in danger.

Simple Future Tense

Simple future tense is used describing job or action that will to do ( happened) at future.

a.Verbal sentence.

Subject: I, we
+ Subject + shall + infinitive (V1)
- Subject + shall + not + infinitive (V1)
? Shall + subject + infinitive (V1) ?
Ex: + We shall go to Tokyo tommorow.
- We shall not (shan’t) go to Tokyo Tomorrow.
? Shall we go to Tokyo tommorow?

Subject: You, they, he, she, It
+ Subject + will + infinitive (V1)
- Subject + will + not + infinitive (V1)
? Will + subject + infinitive (V1) ?
Ex: + Justin Bieber visit me next week.
- Justin Bieber will not (won’t) visit me next week.
? Will Justin Biber visit me next week?

b. To be Going to
+ Subject + to be + going to + infinitive (V1)
- Subject + to be + not + going to + infinitive (V1)
? To be + subject + going to + infinitive (V1)?
Ex: + Lady Daey is going to New York next week.
- Lady Daey is not going to New York next week.
? Is Lady Daey going to New York nex week?

c. Nominal Sentence
Subject: I, we
+ Subject + shall + be + noun verb
- Subject + shall + not + be + noun verb
? Shall + Subject + be + noun verb?
Ex: + I shall be at home tonight.
- I shall not be at home tonight.
? Shall I be at home tonight?

Subject : You, they, he , she , it
+ Subject + will + be + noun verb
- Subject + will + not + be + noun verb
? Will + subject + be + noun verb?
Ex: + Julitha Mullia will be happy
- Julitha Mullia will not be happy.
? Will Julitha Mullia be happy?

Time Signal
- Tommorow = Besok
- Tommorow morning = Besok pagi
- Tommorow afternoon = Besok siang
- Tommorow night = Besok malam
- Next week = Minggu depan
- Next month = Bulan depan
- Next year = Tahun depan
- Later = Nanti
- Soon = Segera
- Immediately = Segera

Passive Voice

Passive voice is the sentence that the subject is subjected to a job or suffer an. In other words, the subject of the sentence is the subject of activity expressed by the verb.
Passive voice is used:
· When we want to shift the importance
Jack gave Daey a car
Daey was given a car by Jack
· When we don’t know who did it or I is not important who did it.
· To make the information sound more formal

How to forming an active sentence (active voice) into a passive sentence (passive voice) must meet several conditions as follows:
- Active sentence would be changed to have the object
- Subject in active sentences converted into a passive object in the sentence, and instead of objects in the active modified kaliamt the subject of passive sentences.
-Passive verb to form Past Participle (the third form of the verb) or V3 is preceded by a To Be(is, am, are, was, were, being, been) followed by "by (by)". So can be written form of the passive predicate is: To be + Past Participle V3. Kalimat pasif yang berbentuk Continuous, maka predikatnya adalah: To Be + Being + V3
-Sentence structure must be in accordance with tenses (present tense)Below are some changes stipulation active sentences into passive sentences that must be considered:

1. If active sentence Simple Present Tense form, the passive sentence has a sentence patterns:

S + to be + V3

Example: Active : She writes a latter

Passive : A letter is written by her

2.If active sentence form continuous Present Tense, The passive sentence has a sentence patterns: S + to be + being + V3

Example: Active : He is closing the window.

Passive : The window is being closed by him.

3.If active sentence Present Perfect Tense, the passive sentence has a pattern:

S + have / has + been + V3

Note: The use of have / has to be adapted to the subject from the object of the sentence is active sentence.

Example: Active : They have played the guitar.

Passive : The guitar has been played by them.
4. If active sentence form continuous Present Perfect Tense, then have a passive sentence patterns: S + have / has + been + being + V3

Example: Active : George has been writing the lesson.

Passive : The lesson has been being written by George.

5. If active sentence Simple Past Tense form, it has a passive sentence patterns:
S + was / were + V3

Note: Use was / were in passive sentences tailored to the subject from the object of an active sentence.

Example: Active : Tracy opened the door.

Passive: The door were opened by her.

6. If active sentence continuous Past Tense, the passive sentence has a pattern:
S + was / were + being + V3

Example: Active : He was drinking some water.

Passive : Some water was being drunk by him.
7. If active sentence Past Perfect Tense, the passive sentence has a pattern:

S + had been + V3

Example: Active : He had written a letter.

Passive : A letter had been written by him.

8. If active sentence Past Perfect Tense, the passive sentence has a pattern:
S + had been + V3

Example: Active : He had written a letter.

Passive: A letter had been written by him.

9. If active sentence Simple Future Tense, the passive sentence has a pattern:
S + will + be + V3

Example: Active : My mother will make some cakes.

Passive : Some cakes will be made by my mother.
10. If active sentence continuous Future Tense, the passive sentence has a pattern:

S + + wiil be + being + V3

Example: Active: She will be playing the piano.

Passive: The piano will be being played by her.
11. If active sentence Future Perfect Tense, the passive sentence has a pattern:
S + will + have been + V3

Example: Active: They will have finished that work.

Passive: That work will have been finished by them.

12. If active sentence Future Perfect Tense continuous, then the passive sentence has a pattern: Subject + wiil + have been + being + V3

Example: Active : He will have been playing tennis.

Passive: Tennis will have been being played by him.

13. If active sentence Future Past Tense, the passive sentence has a pattern:
S + would + be + V3

Example: Active : He would open the door

Passive : The door would be opened by him.

14. If active sentence continuous Past Future Tense, the passive sentence has a pattern:

S + would + be + being + V3

Example: Active: They would be playing tennis.

Passive: Tennis would be being played by them.

15. If active sentence Past Perfect Future Tense, the passive sentence has a pattern:

S + would + have been + V3

Example: Active: She would have finished that work.

Passive: That work would have been finished by her.
16. If active sentence continuous Past Perfect Future Tense, the passive sentence has a pattern: S + would + have been + being + V3

Example: Active : He would have been painting the house.

Passive: The house would have been being painted by him..
17. If active sentence the person is unknown or only mentioned in general, for example: people, someone, him, etc. ..

Example: Active: People speak Bahasa well all over the world.

Passive: Bahasa is spoken well all over the world by people.

18. Object passive actors must remain written if a particular action is the one, for example by Dayanna, etc. ..

Example: Active : Billy painted the door.

Passive: The door painted by Billy.

19 . If active sentence using the Auxiliary Verb, it has a passive sentence patterns:
S + Auxiliary + be + V3

Example: Active : He can paint the house.

Passive: The house can be painted by him.

Suprise and Desbeliefs

Suprise and Desbeliefs
Suprise or desbeliefs is an expression that we show/ say when know/ hear/see something that rather difficult to believe.

Expressing suprise Responding
- Wow! What a sureprise! - Yeah!
- That’s a sureprise! - It is.
- That’s very surprising! - Yup!
- Really? - Sure.
- What? - It’s true
- Are you serious? You must be joking! - I’m serious
- You’re kidding! - No, I’m not.
- Fabcy that! - It is
- I must say it sureprise me. - Does it?
- I find it hard to believe. - It is, isn’t it?

When you got a surprising fact, you can say:
~ Do you know what?
~ Believe it or not?
~ You may not believe it, but...
~ Can you believe this?
Expressing disbelief
& I don’t believe it.
& It can’t be true.
& I can’t think of it.
& I don’t Trust you.
Read the following dialogs.
Dae : I herad the news about tiren. What is tiren AJ?
AJ : “Tiren” stands for “mati kemarin”. It is chicken meat taken from a dead chicken. In other word, it is a corpse.
AJ : I can’t believe this! How can people sell such chicken meat?
Dae : Some say, they want to get more bucks of Money.
AJ : I don’t think they should do it. They cheat the buyers.
Dae : More than that. They harm the buyers.
AJ : That’s right.

Gratitude, Compliment and Congratulation

Gratitude is also called thanking.
We say "thank you" when people give us something, help we do something, give a compliment, wish us something, etc.

Expressing Gratitude

• I should like to Express my gratitude
  
• Thank you very much.


• Thak for your help.


• How can I thank you?


• I’m very grateful to you.


• I can’t thank you enough.


• I’m very much obliged to you.

Responding
-It was the least I could do.
-You’re welcome.
-No big deal
-Don’t metion it
-It’s a pleasure.
-That’s all right.
-Any time

Compliment is expression that used to give praising to other people.
Some people use compliments to "butter up" somebody or to flatter in order to increase good will. You compliment someone

-Good grades!
-Nice work!
-Excellent!
-Good job!
-You lokk great
-What a nice t-shirt
-I really must Express my admiration for your dance.
-You look very nice/ beautiful/ handsome

Congratulation is expression that used to said congratulate to someone when get a success

Congratulating
-I must congratulate you.
-Plese accept my warmest congratulations.
-I’d like to be first to congratulate you
-Congratulations on your success.
-Congrats! Finally, your dream comes true!

Autobiography

Oprah Winfrey Biography / Autobiography / Memoir resources
Full Name: Ms. Oprah Gail Winfrey
Date of Birth: January 29, 1954
Place of Birth: Kosciusko, Mississippi, USA
Died: N/A
Place of Death: N/A
Classification: Artists & Entertainers

Short Biography of Oprah Winfrey
Even though she had a rough childhood, Oprah Winfrey was destined for her role as the host of America’s number one ranked talk show, The Oprah Winfrey Show. Born into a southern Baptist family, she was raised for several years by her strict grandmother in the impoverished conditions of rural Mississippi.
At the age of three, Oprah began showing signs of being a whiz kid as she could read and recite from her favorite childhood books and even the Bible. Being a prodigy child allowed her to skip a few levels in grade school. And, after some rough years and in high school, she moved to the Tennessee where she graduated with honors. During that time, she won a full academic scholarship to university.
In 1976, after spending some time in Nashville’s local media circle as a news anchor, she moved to Baltimore. Then, seven years later, she moved to Chicago to host a show called AM Chicago. When the show moved from last place in the rankings to first nationwide, overtaking other top talk-show hosts, her success was only beginning. In a field dominated by white male hosts, other networks were in a dire need to keep up with Oprah’s avalanche-like success.
In the mid to late 90s, when other shows began doing more tacky material, she forced her show to stay on track with what it had always been successful delivering – honest stories of triumph or despair. With such a reputation, she was able to interview top celebrities about their real-life trials and tribulations on her show. Oprah allowed such idolized stars time to to share and show the public that they are in fact human too.
Oprah is more than just one of America’s most adored talk-show hosts. In 1985, she was a main character in a movie based on the novel The Color Purple. For her role, she was nominated for an Academy Award. More recently, in 1998-1999, she worked on the acclaimed novel-to-film adaptation of Beloved, where she also played the protagonist. In 2005, she was involved in the film-television making of Their Eyes Were Watching God. Additionally, she published two magazines, one called O and another called O at Home. In 2006, she will release her sixth book, not a biography or autobiography, but a book about weight loss. Furthermore, she will be doing a talk show with XM Radio, currently titled Oprah and Friends, where she will do a 30-minute show once per week.
In her early thirties, Winfrey became a millionaire. Today, she is the only African- American billionaire and one of the richest people in the world. Her charity work is never-ending and she has won numerous awards for her philanthropy. She has donated more money and worked for more causes than many of the richest people in the world. She has even been adorned with the Bob Hope Humanitarian Award.
She continues her humanitarian stride at an unstoppable pace, while still bringing light to the issues that face our daily lives with all the empathy, care, and insightful commentaries that have made her one of the world’s most watched women.

ANALYZE CHARACTER, SETTING ETC

1. PLOT
Story has a certain arrangement of events which are taken to have a relation to one another.
This arrangement of events to some end-for instance to create significance, Raise the level of generality, extend or complicate the meaning-is known as plot.

2. CHARACTER
Character in a work of story are generally designed to open up or explore certain aspects of human experience. Characters often depict partikular Straits of human nature; they may represent only one or two Straits- a greedy old man who has forgotten how to care about others, for instance, or they may represent very complex conflicts, values and emotions.

3. SETTING
Stories requires a setting; this as in poetry may very from the concrete to the general often will have partikular culturally coded significance – a sea-shore has a significance for us dofferent from that of a dirty street corner, for instance, and different situations and significances can be constructed througt its use.

4. THEME
Theme is also important, theme is especial idea which is used as base in writing down story mostly letter than implisit.

5. POINT OF VIEW
Point of view interpreter as a position of author to events in story. There is point of view of first person singular and there is story. There is point of view of first person singular aand Three is third person singular point of view.

6. LANGUAGE STYLE
Language style is the way to typically in laying open feeling or mind throught language in the from of oral or article.

7. MESSAGE

Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an Action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed of finished certain time in the past too; or past perfect tense is used to Express an Action or an event that had happened before that other event or actionhappened.

Formula of Verbal Sentence
+ SUBJECT + HAD + V3
- SUBJECT + HAD + NOT + V3
? HAD + SUBJECT + V3?

Example:
+ She had slept when I came last night.
- She had not slept when I came last night.
? Had she slept when I came last night?

Formula of Nominal Sentence
+ SUBJECT + HAD + BEEN+ NON VERB

- SUBJECT + HAD +NOT + BEEN+ NON VERB

? HAD + SUBJECT + BEEN+ NON VERB?

Example:
+ I had been there when the accident hapenned.
- I had not been Three when the accident hapenned.
? Had had been there when the accident hapenned?

I had = I’d
You had = You’d
We had = We’d
They had = they’d
He had = he’d
She had = She’d
It had = It’d

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Simple past tense is used for describinf acts that have alreasy been concluded and whose exact time of occurrence is know. Furthermore, simple past tense is used for retelling succes events. That why it is commonly used in storytelling.

Simple past tense is a kind of tense which is used to describe an event or Action that happened already in a certain time in the past.
Formula of Verbal Sentence:
+ SUBJECT + PAST TENSE (V2)

- SUBJECT + DID + NOT + INFINITIVE (V1)

? DID + SUBJECT + INFINITIVE (V1)?
Example:
+ Doyle studied English last night.
- Doyle did not study English last night.
? Did Doyle study English last night?

Formula of Nominal Sentence
Subject: We,you,they
+ SUBJECT + WERE + NON VERB

Subject: I, he, she, it
+ SUBJECT + WAS + NON VERB

Subject: We,you,they
- SUBJECT + WERE + NOT + NON VERB

Subject: I, he, she, it
-SUBJECT + WAS + NOT + NON VERB

Subject: We,you,they

? WERE + SUBJECT + NON VERB?

Subject: I, he, she, it
?WAS + SUBJECT + NON VERB?


Example:
+ I was ill yesterday.
- I was not ill yesterday.
? Was I ill yesterday?

LISTENING, MAKE ME A COPY PLEASE

Description: Often Time students are not able to communicate clearly what they would like o say. It is the purpose of this lesson to help students understand the Seed to be articulate and precise when explain steps to another students. In addition the studnts listening will Lear to be amore effective listener.

Goal: Students will understand the need to be articulate when communicating.

Happiness Expression

Happiness expression is an expression that is used to show that someone or people are glad have excited feelings.

Express Happiness:
I’m happy!
I’m so glad to hear that!
Great!
Fantastic!

Expressing Happiness (Formal) :
§ Oh, I’m so happy
§ I can’t say how pleased I’m
§ It’s a sensational trip
§ I’m really hapy
§ It gives me graet pleasure

Read the following dialog.
Presenter : Congratulation, you’re the First winner and you deserve fifty million rupiah!
Winner : Wow! Am I? Thank you very much!
Presenter : How do you feel?
Winner : It really gives me great pleasure! I’m so happy!